J. Edwin Orr's "The Second Evangelical Awakening in America" is an in-depth exploration of the significant religious revival that swept across America in 1858, a movement that Orr argues has been largely overlooked in historical accounts despite its profound impact. This book not only chronicles the events of the revival but also examines its origins, key figures, and lasting effects on both American society and the global evangelical movement.
The 1858 Revival: A Neglected Phenomenon
Orr begins by highlighting the neglect of the 1858 revival in historical literature, noting that while other revivals led by figures like Jonathan Edwards and Charles Finney are well-documented, the 1858 Awakening is often given scant attention. He attributes this oversight to the lack of a singular charismatic leader and the overshadowing political issues of the time, such as slavery and the impending Civil War. Orr emphasizes that the revival was a grassroots movement led by ordinary people, including businessmen and pastors, rather than prominent religious figures.
Scope and Impact of the Revival
The revival of 1858 was remarkable for its widespread reach and the sheer number of conversions it inspired. Orr details how the movement spread rapidly across the United States, from New England to New Orleans, and westward beyond the Alleghenies. He estimates that over a million people were added to evangelical church rolls within two years. The revival's influence extended beyond America, sparking similar movements in the United Kingdom and contributing to a period of significant church expansion and social reform.
Structure and Sources
Orr meticulously structures his account, drawing on a wide array of primary sources, including contemporary newspapers and religious publications. He acknowledges the support of various academic institutions and libraries, which provided access to invaluable materials. The book is organized into chapters that cover the origins of the revival, its spread across different regions, and its psychological and social implications. Orr also includes appendices that discuss the beginnings of a mid-20th-century revival, linking past movements to contemporary religious awakenings.
Contribution to Revival History
"The Second Evangelical Awakening in America" stands as a significant contribution to the study of religious revivals, offering a comprehensive and well-researched account of a pivotal yet underappreciated event in American religious history. Orr's work is part of a broader effort to document and analyze evangelical movements, complementing his earlier study of the British revival. This book solidifies Orr's reputation as a leading historian of Christian revivals, providing valuable insights into the dynamics of religious movements and their enduring impact on society.